发芽燕麦研究进展

发芽谷物的研究越来越受到广大学者的关注，燕麦因具有丰富的营养和卓越的保健功效而备受世界瞩目，燕麦通过发芽，可富集和提高营养和功效成分，实现燕麦营养价值的再次转变，发芽燕麦功能性食品的开发，是对燕麦产品研究的突破。本文综述了发芽对燕麦营养成分和加工品质的影响，燕麦制麦工艺以及发芽燕麦在食品中的应用现状，展望了发芽燕麦的发展前景，以期为我国燕麦食品的研究和开发提供参考。     

A typology of agricultural production systems: Capability building trajectories of three Asian economies

Analysing the agricultural sectors of Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore, this paper examines the capability‐building process that encourages productivity and innovation. It describes and explains the origins and subsequent evolution of three forms of agricultural production system, each generating different farming capabilities and distinct forms of competitive advantages. The paper argues that Taiwan's rice‐oriented agricultural production system stimulates both productivity and innovation, helping Taiwanese farmers raise their income level and living standards. The active deployment of state institutions and a malleable labour force, evidenced in the Malaysian palm oil industry, is effective in raising farming productivity but not the ability to innovate. Singapore's aquaculture‐oriented agricultural production system is somewhat useful in stimulating productivity and innovation. Yet the city‐state's inherent lack of space and open international trade regime have circumscribed the potential of its aquaculture industry. It now relies on the regional ethnic Chinese business networks to expand the aquaculture industry's knowledge base and its industrial commons. The principles discussed in this paper provide policy lessons, or at least some initial guidance, for other developing economies aspiring to modernise their agricultural sector.     

H2S的信号分子作用及其对果蔬采后生理代谢的调控研究进展

硫化氢（H2S）作为气体信号分子，参与调控植物体的一系列生命活动，并在果蔬采后生理代谢过程中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了H2S的理化性质、发展应用历史及其在果蔬采后生理调控机制中的信号分子作用，讨论了H2S对果蔬生理代谢的调控作用，包括对果蔬采后抗逆性和品质的影响，以期为采后果蔬的贮藏保鲜提供理论参考。     

基于部首嵌入和注意力机制的病虫害命名实体识别

为了解决农业病虫害命名实体识别过程中存在的内在语义信息缺失、局部上下文特征易被忽略和捕获长距离依赖能力不足等问题，以农业病虫害文本为研究对象，提出一种基于部首嵌入和注意力机制的农业病虫害命名实体识别模型(Chinese agricultural diseases and pests named entity recognition with joint radical embedding and self attention, RS-ADP)。首先，该模型将部首嵌入集成到字符嵌入中作为输入，用以丰富语义信息。其中，针对部首嵌入设计了3种特征提取策略，即卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural network, CNN)、双向长短时记忆网络(Bidirectional long short term memory network, BiLSTM) 和CNN-BiLSTM；其次，采用多层不同窗口尺寸的CNNs层提取不同尺度的局部上下文信息；然后，在BiLSTM提取全局序列特征的基础上，采用自注意力机制进一步增强模型提取更长距离依赖的能力；最后，采用条件随机场(Conditional random field, CRF)联合识别实体边界和划分实体类别。在包含11个类别和24715条标注样本的农业病虫害自制语料上进行了实验。结果表明，本文模型RS-ADP在该数据集上精确率、召回率和F1值分别为94.16%、94.47%和94.32%；在具体实体类别上，RS-ADP在作物、病害、虫害等易识别实体上F1值高达95.81%、97.76%和97.23%。同时，RS-ADP在草害、病原等难以识别实体上F1值仍保持86%以上。实验结果表明，本文所提模型能够有效识别农业病虫害命名实体，其识别精度优于其他模型，且具有一定的泛化性。     

土地规模化经营能否促进农业社会化服务获取?——基于全国3类农户样本的实证分析

土地流转和农业社会化服务是经营规模化和服务规模化的根本途径,研究二者关系对农业供给侧结构性改革、农业现代化发展乃至乡村振兴具有重要意义。基于第二期"全国新型农业经营主体发展指数调查"数据,运用负二项回归模型实证分析土地流转及转入不同特征土地对普通农户、专业大户和家庭农场农业社会化服务获取的影响。结果表明,单纯的土地转入对不同类型农户农业社会化服务获取均不具有显著影响。但如果转入土地有利于规模化经营、农业基础设施较好,则能显著促进社会化服务获取。另外,农户经营能力越强,对不同类型社会化服务的应用程度也越高。因此,政府应推动更有效率的土地流转,实现农业适度规模经营;加强农业社会化服务供给,提升农户生产经营效率;强化经营主体培训,增强联结带动能力。     

Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review

Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.     

中国学术期刊数字出版的研究进展

[目的/意义]为了系统识别学术期刊数字出版领域当前的主要研究内容、未来发展趋势以及存在的问题,加快实现学术期刊数字化转型和建设期刊数字化出版健康体系,[方法/过程]本文基于CiteSpace可视化分析对2007—2019年中国学术期刊（CNKI）数据库中学术期刊数字出版相关研究的367篇文献进行研究,绘制出相关研究的关键词、发文作者、发文机构的知识图谱,[结果/结论]发现学术期刊数字出版研究以2015年为时间节点,呈现先增后减的趋势;从事相关研究的作者较多,并已经形成核心网络;但相关机构之间的联系较差,合作还有待于进一步加强。在此基础上,围绕学术期刊数字出版概念与内涵、现状问题及优化路径、编辑人才转型与培养机制等方面梳理了数字出版研究的热点与前沿问题,并对当前相关研究发展特征及主要内容进行了归纳总结,并探讨了已有研究目前存在的主要问题与未来研究的主要发展趋势,对今后中国学术期刊数字出版相关研究提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

浅谈如何加强农业科研院所中的科研管理工作-以辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所为例

科研管理工作是农业科研院所工作中重要的组成部分,其是保证科研计划能够顺利开展的重要工作,在科技项目实施、科技成果报奖、品种审定等实施中起到不可或缺的作用,根据实施过程中可能出现的一系列问题进行有针对性的提出整改意见,确保科研规划顺利进行。本文以辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所为例,阐述了其如何加强科研管理工作的建议。     

野生大豆资源的研究现状与发展前景

本文对野生大豆种质资源的起源、新型应用、以及未来发展进行了阐述。对其遗传性状进行了简单分析,并从国内分布的地理位置、种质资源发展所需要面对的一些问题进行了探讨。为野生大豆资源的相关研究提供参考。